Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 2 REPACK

Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8", is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows 8 and succeeds Windows Server 2008 R2, which is derived from the Windows 7 codebase, released nearly three years earlier. Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released during development. The software was officially launched on September 4, 2012, which was the month before the release of Windows 8.[4] It was succeeded by Windows Server 2012 R2 in 2013. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 ended on October 9, 2018, and extended support will end on October 10, 2023. Windows Server 2012 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which offers continued security updates until October 13, 2026.

Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 2

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2012 and its developer preview in the BUILD 2011 conference on September 9, 2011.[9] However, unlike Windows 8, the developer preview of Windows Server 2012 was only made available to MSDN subscribers.[10] It included a graphical user interface (GUI) based on Metro design language and a new Server Manager, a graphical application used for server management.[11] On February 16, 2012, Microsoft released an update for developer preview build that extended its expiry date from April 8, 2012 to January 15, 2013.[12]

Windows Server 2012 has an IP address management role for discovering, monitoring, auditing, and managing the IP address space used on a corporate network. The IPAM is used for the management and monitoring of Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are fully supported.[26]

Some NTFS features are not supported in ReFS, including object IDs, short names, file compression, file level encryption (EFS), user data transactions, hard links, extended attributes, and disk quotas.[38][39] Sparse files are supported.[43][44] Support for named streams is not implemented in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, though it was later added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.[45] ReFS does not itself offer data deduplication.[39] Dynamic disks with mirrored or striped volumes are replaced with mirrored or striped storage pools provided by Storage Spaces. In Windows Server 2012, automated error-correction with integrity streams is only supported on mirrored spaces; automatic recovery on parity spaces was added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.[45] Booting from ReFS is not supported either.

InfoWorld noted that Server 2012's use of Windows 8's panned "Metro" user interface was countered by Microsoft's increasing emphasis on the Server Core mode, which had been "fleshed out with new depth and ease-of-use features" and increased use of the "practically mandatory" PowerShell.[62] However, Michael Otey of Windows IT Pro expressed dislike with the new Metro interface and the lack of ability to use the older desktop interface alone, saying that most users of Windows Server manage their servers using the graphical user interface rather than PowerShell.[63]

Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8",[2] is the sixth release of Windows Server. It is the server version of Windows 8 and succeeds Windows Server 2008 R2. Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released during development. The software was generally available to customers starting on September 4, 2012.[3]It's mainstream support ended on October 9, 2018 and extended support will end on October 10, 2023. Windows Server 2012 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program (free for Azure Virtual Desktop users). It allows to purchase Security Updates for 3 years, in early installments. Security Updates are available for the operating system until October 13, 2026.

Our definition of metadata operation is everything except read and write. Examples of metadata operation would be create file, close file, rename file, change file attributes, delete file, change file size, any file system control, etc. Some writes may also, as a side effect cause a metadata change. For instance, an extending write will cause CsvFs to extend all or some of the following: file allocation size, file size and valid data length. A read might cause CsvFs to query some information from NTFS. On the diagram above you can see that metadata from any node goes to the NTFS stack on Node 2. Data server nodes (Node 1 and Node 3) are using Server Message Block (SMB) as a protocol to forward metadata over. Metadata are always forwarded to NTFS. On the coordinator node CsvFs will forward metadata IO directly to the NTFS volume while other nodes will use SMB to forward the metadata over the network.

Note that on this diagram I have completely removed CsvFs stack and CSV NTFS stack from the Coordinator Node leaving only the system volume NTFS stack. The CSV NTFS stack is removed because Block Level Redirected IO completely bypasses it and goes to the disk (yes, like Direct IO it bypasses the volume stack and goes straight to the disk) below the NTFS stack. The CsvFs stack is removed because on the coordinating node CsvFs would never use Block Level Redirected IO, and would always talk to the disk. The reason why Node 3 would use Redirected IO, is because Node 3 does not have physical connectivity to the disk. A curious reader might wonder why Node 1 that can see the disk would ever use Block Level Redirected IO. There are at least two cases when this might be happening. Although the disk might be visible on the node it is possible that IO requests will fail because the adapter or storage network switch is misbehaving. In this case, CsvVbus will first attempt to send IO to the disk and on failure will forward the IO to the Coordinator Node using the Block Level Redirected IO. The other example is Storage Spaces - if the disk is a Mirrored Storage Space, then CsvFs will never use Direct IO on a data server node, but instead it will send the block level IO to the Coordinating Node using Block Level Redirected IO. In Windows Server 2012 R2 you can use the Get-ClusterSharedVolumeState cmdlet to query the CSV state (direct / file level redirected / block level redirected) and if redirected it will state why. Note that CsvFs sends the Block Level Redirected IO to the CsvNsFlt filter attached to the system volume stack on the Coordinating Node. This filter dispatches this IO directly to the disk bypassing NTFS and volume stack so no other filters below the CsvNsFlt on the system volume will see that IO. Since CsvNsFlt sits at a very high altitude, in practice no one besides this filter will see these IO requests. This IO is also completely invisible to the CSV NTFS stack. You can think about Block Level Redirected IO as a Direct IO that CsvVbus is shipping to the Coordinating Node and then with the help of the CsvNsFlt it is dispatched directly to the disk as a Direct IO is dispatched directly to the disk by CsvVbus.

The internal SMTP server feature is deprecated but not removed on Microsoft Windows Server 2012, so when moving legacy applications from an older server, you can still install the internal SMTP under IIS 6 on Windows Server 2012 R2 to avoid using a separate Exchange Server. Here are the steps to install it.

Glossary AMI (Amazon Machine Image): Is a template for the root volume for the instance (for example, an operating system, an application server, and applications), manages launch permissions that control which AWS accounts can use the AMI to launch instances. Contains a block device mapping that specifies the volumes to attach to the instance when it's launched. AWS (Amazon Web Services): offers a broad set of global compute, storage, database, analytics, application, and deployment services that help organizations move faster, lower IT costs, and scale applications. AWS Management Console: access and manage Amazon Web Services through a simple and intuitive web-based user interface. BYOL (Bring Your Own License): is a process you can use to deploy software that you have previously licensed on physically dedicated AWS hardware. If you BYOL, you do not pay for instances with licensing included in the cost. Instead, you pay the same rate as EC2 instances with Amazon Linux pricing. When you BYOL, you are responsible for managing your own licenses. CloudEndure: offers reliable business continuity solutions that minimize data loss and downtime due to human errors, network failures, external threats, or any other disruptions. Our Disaster Recovery and Migration solutions are powered by innovative workload mobility technology, which continuously replicates applications from any physical, virtual, or cloud-based infrastructure into Amazon Web Services (AWS). As such, CloudEndure is uniquely qualified to support large-scale, heterogeneous environments with diverse applications and infrastructure. Custom AMI: is an AMI created in your account either built from an imported image or captured from an existing instance. For example, you can launch an instance from an existing AMI, customize the instance, and then save this updated configuration as a custom AMI. Instances launched from this new custom AMI include the customizations that you made when you created the AMI. EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud): provides scalable computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. EMP (End-of-Support Migration Program) for Windows Server: program that helps customers with migration of their legacy Windows Server applications to the latest, supported versions of Windows Server on AWS, without any code changes. EOS (End of Support): is a term used to reference Microsoft ending support for a product, in accordance with their Product Lifecycle policy. Hyperscale: refers to the facilities and provisioning required in distributed computing environments to efficiently scale from a few servers to thousands of servers. Hyperscale computing is usually used in environments such as big data and cloud computing. In-Place Upgrade: upgrades the operating system files while your personal settings and files are intact. Instance (EC2 Instance): is a virtual server in the AWS cloud. Its configuration at launch is a copy of the AMI that you specified when you launched the instance. LI (License Included): refers to the use of Amazon's Microsoft Licensing Agreement for Windows Server and SQL Server. LTSC (Long Term Servicing Channel): is a release channel of Windows Server released once per 2-3 years with stability and long term support in mind. LTSC releases provide a predictable OS experience and provide 5 years of traditional support starting from initial release, plus an additional 5 years of extended support for security updates. VMIE (AWS VM Import/Export): is an AWS Service used to import Operating System Images to AWS EC2 in an offline mode. RDS (Amazon Relational Database Service): is a web service that makes it easier to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. It provides cost-efficient, resizable capacity for an industry-standard relational database and manages common database administration tasks. SA (Software Assurance): is a comprehensive program offered by Microsoft to help deploy, manage, and use Microsoft products efficiently. SAC (Semi-Annual Channel): is release channel of Windows Server released twice per year with a limited support life cycle, ending 18 months from initial release. SAC releases allow customers to pilot the latest OS features quickly, but are not intended for long term use. SMS (AWS Server Migration Service): is an AWS Service used to import Operating System Images to AWS EC2 in an online mode. WorkSpaces (Amazon Workspaces): is a managed, secure cloud desktop service. You can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers across the globe. 041b061a72